Construção e validação de ferramenta preventiva sobre incompatibilidade medicamentosa em via Y / Construction and validation of a preventive tool on drug incompatibility in the Y-route / Construcción y validación de una herramienta preventiva de incompatibilidad de medicamentos en la ruta Y

Introdução: A terapia com medicamentos endovenosos é muito utilizada nas unidades hospitalares, porém, possui uma elevada chance de incidentes, principalmente quando os medicamentos são administrados simultaneamente em via Y. Essa prática pode resultar em incompatibilidades medicamentosas classificadas em reações físicas e químicas. Objetivo: Construir e validar uma ferramenta preventiva de incompatibilidade medicamentosa em via Y. Método: Estudo metodológico com abordagem quantitativa. Foi desenvolvido em três etapas: Levantamento bibliográfico, construção e diagramação do material e por fim, a validação da ferramenta preventiva. Para validação, a ferramenta preventiva foi submetida ao processo de validação de face e conteúdo por juízes com expertise na temática. Resultados: Construiu-se e validou-se uma ferramenta preventiva através da busca de dados na literatura com a participação de sete juízes especialistas na temática. Os itens avaliativos referentes a tabela de incompatibilidade medicamentosa quanto aos objetivos, estrutura, apresentação e relevância da ferramenta preventiva foi considerada válida, pois foram julgados como adequado pelos especialistas. Conclusão: A validação de conteúdo, foi considerada válida pelos juízes, portanto, espera-se que o material alcance o seu objetivo ao ser aplicado durante a prática clínica. Dessa forma, será disponibilizado à instituição para que seja utilizado, favorecendo a prevenção de danos e contribuindo para a segurança dos pacientes, bem como melhorando a qualidade da assistência e educação em saúde.

Introduction: Intravenous drug therapy is widely used in hospital units, however, it has a high chance of incidents, especially when drugs are administered simultaneously in a Y route. This practice can result in drug incompatibilities classified into physical and chemical reactions. Objective: To build and validate a preventive tool for drug incompatibility in the Y pathway. Method: Methodological study with a quantitative approach. It was developed in three stages: bibliographic survey, construction and layout of the material and finally, the validation of the preventive tool. For validation, the preventive tool was submitted to the face and content validation process by judges with expertise in the subject. Results: A preventive tool was built and validated through the search for data in the literature with the participation of seven expert judges on the subject. The evaluative items referring to the medication incompatibility table regarding the objectives, structure, presentation and relevance of the preventive tool were considered valid, as they were judged as adequate by the specialists. Conclusion: The content validation was considered valid by the judges, therefore, it is expected that the material reaches its objective when applied during clinical practice. In this way, it will be made available to the institution for use, favoring the prevention of damage and contributing to patient safety, as well as improving the quality of health care and education.

Introducción: La farmacoterapia intravenosa es ampliamente utilizada en las unidades hospitalarias, sin embargo, tiene una alta probabilidad de incidencias, especialmente cuando los fármacos se administran simultáneamente en una vía Y. Esta práctica puede dar lugar a incompatibilidades medicamentosas clasificadas en reacciones físicas y químicas. Objetivo: Construir y validar una herramienta preventiva de incompatibilidad de medicamentos en la vía Y. Método: Estudio metodológico con enfoque cuantitativo. Se desarrolló en tres etapas: relevamiento bibliográfico, construcción y diagramación del material y finalmente, la validación de la herramienta preventiva. Para la validación, la herramienta preventiva fue sometida al proceso de validación facial y de contenido por jueces expertos en el tema. Resultados: Se construyó y validó una herramienta preventiva a través de la búsqueda de datos en la literatura con la participación de siete jueces expertos en el tema. Los ítems evaluativos referentes a la tabla de incompatibilidad de medicamentos en relación a los objetivos, estructura, presentación y relevancia de la herramienta preventiva fueron considerados válidos, pues fueron juzgados como adecuados por los especialistas. Conclusiones: La validación del contenido fue considerada válida por los jueces, por lo tanto, se espera que el material alcance su objetivo al ser aplicado durante la práctica clínica. De esta forma, se pondrá a disposición de la institución para su uso, favoreciendo la prevención de daños y contribuyendo a la seguridad del paciente, además de mejorar la calidad de la atención y educación en salud.

O jovem e a educação indígena Tremembé de Almofala no Ceará / The young and the Tremembé of Almofala indigenous education in Ceará / El jóven y la educación indígena Tremembé de Almofala en Ceará

O presente artigo objetiva narrar a experiência da comunidade Indígena Tremembé, na constituição da educação na Escola Maria Venância, assim como o surgimento do Magistério Indígena Tremembé (Emit), e do Magistério Indígena Tremembé Superior (Mits), levando em consideração a participação dos jovens indígenas daquela comunidade na implementação dessa educação. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, teve como técnica principal a observação participante, optando-se pela realização de entrevistas, registros no diário de campo, rodas de conversas e participação em eventos nas comunidades indígenas. A compreensão dos fatos se deu a partir das percepções dos próprios indígenas, pois eles fizeram parte desse processo de modo direto e ativo. Incluem-se, nas análises aqui empreendidas, as contribuições de estudiosos como Grabner (2006), Alarcão (2008), Grupioni (2001), bem como as leituras de documentos oficiais como o Parecer 14/99 (CNE, 1999), entre outros, e, sobretudo, as falas e análises dos jovens da aldeia sobre como eles percebem a relevância da conquista da educação indígena Tremembé.

The present article objectives to narrate the experience of the Tremembé Indigenous Community, in the education's constitution at the School Maria Venância, as the emergence of the Tremembé Indigenous Mastership (Emit), and of the Superior Tremembé Indigenous Mastership (Mits), taking into consideration the participation of the young indigenous of that community in the implementation of this education. The research, of qualitative nature, had as main technic the participative observation, choosing for the realization of interviews, registers in the field diary, conversation wheels and the participation in events in the indigenous communities. The comprehension of the facts it was made by the perceptions of the indigenous themselves, because those made part of this process in a direct and active way. It includes, in the reviews here undertaken, the contributions of scholars as Grabner (2006), Alarcão (2008), Grupioni (2001), as the reading of the officials documents as Parecer 14/99 (CNE, 1999), among others, and, above all, the speaks and analysis of the young in the village about how they perceived the relevance of the conquest of the Tremembé indigenous education.

El presente artículo objetiva narrar la experiencia de la comunidad indígena Tremembé, en la constitución de la educación en la Escuela Maria Venância, así como el surgimiento del Magisterio Indígena Tremembé (Emit), y del Magistério Indígena Tremembé Superior (Mits), teniendo en cuenta la participación de los jóvenes indígenas de aquella comunidad en el implemento de esa educación. La pesquisa, de naturaleza cualitativa, tuvo como técnica principal la observación participante, eligiéndose por la realización de entrevistas, registros en el diario de campo, ruedas de charlas y participación en eventos en las comunidades indígenas. La comprensión de los factos se dio a partir de las percepciones de los propios indígenas, pues estos hacían parte del proceso de manera directa y activa. Incluyese, en los análisis acá emprendidos, las contribuciones de estudiosos como Grabner (2006), Alarcão (2008) Grupioni( (2001), así como de lecturas de documentos oficiales como lo Parecer 14/99 (CNE, 1999), entre otros, y, especialmente, las palabras y análisis de los jóvenes de la aldea sobre como ellos perciben la relevancia de la conquista de la educación indígena Tremembé.

Antidepressant-Like Effect of Lippia sidoides CHAM (Verbenaceae) Essential Oil and Its Major Compound Thymol in Mice.

Depression is a common disease affecting more than 300 million people worldwide. Since Lippia sidoides has shown central nervous system effects in previous works, we aimed to investigate the effect of L. sidoides essential oil and its major compound, thymol on a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. Male mice (20⁻25 g) received corticosterone (20 mg/kg, subcutaneously), once a day for 22 days. From the 16th day on, mice were grouped to receive either corticosterone or L. sidoides essential oil (100 and 200 mg/kg), or thymol (25 and 50 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (35 mg/kg) by gavage. The forced swimming test, tail suspension, open field, elevated plus maze and sucrose preference tests were performed from the 19th to 22nd day. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls as a post hoc test and the results were considered significant when p < 0.05. It was shown that L. sidoides essential oil, thymol and fluoxetine decreased the immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swimming tests and none of these altered locomotor activity in the open field test. However, the drugs increased the amount of grooming. In the elevated plus maze, all drugs increased the number of entries and the time of permanence in the open arms. In the sucrose preference test, the L. sidoides essential oil, thymol and fluoxetine reversed anhedonia. These results suggest that the thymol and L. sidoides essential oil have an antidepressant-like effect, similar to fluoxetine. However, future studies should be encouraged to enhance understanding of the effects of essential oil and thymol for the treatment of depression.

Suporte básico de vida: capacitação de agentes penitenciários federais para atuação em situações de urgência/emergência / Soporte vital básico: formación para federal guardias de la prisión acción en situaciones de emergencia/emergency / Basic life support: training of federal penitentiary agents for action in situations of emergency

Objective: the study aimed to expose the practice of an activity of extension performed in order to train agents of the Federal Penitentiary of Mossoró/RN. Methods: For implementation of Basic Life Support (BLS) in urgency/emergency situations. The activity took place from November 2012 to September 2013, coordinated by a professor, with the participation of 09 students of the Faculty of Nursing at the University of Rio Grande do Norte. Results: This work allowed the correctional officers to improve previous notions about the theme, as well as acquire new knowledge in view of the possibility to apply them in their daily professional life and also personal. Conclusion: In this sense, the project objectives were included in the progress was evidence during the stages of teaching and learning.

Objetivo: expor a prática de uma atividade de extensão realizada no intuito de capacitar os agentes penitenciários da Penitenciária Federal de Mossoró/RN. Métodos: Para aplicação do Suporte Básico de Vida (SBV) em situações de urgência/emergência. A atividade aconteceu no período de novembro de 2012 a setembro de 2013, coordenado por um docente, com a participação de 09 discentes da Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Resultados: A realização deste trabalho permitiu aos agentes penitenciários aperfeiçoar noções prévias acerca da temática, bem como adquirir novos conhecimentos, tendo em vista a possibilidade de aplicá-los no seu cotidiano no âmbito profissional, como também pessoal. Conclusão: Nesse sentido, os objetivos do projeto foram contemplados na medida em que foram evidenciados os avanços durante as etapas do ensino-aprendizagem.

Objetivo: el estudio tuvo como objetivo exponer la práctica de una extensión de la actividad que se realiza con el fin de capacitar a los oficiales correccionales de la Penitenciaría Federal de Mossoró/ RN. Métodos: Para la implementación de Soporte Vital Básico (SVB) en situaciones de urgencia/emergencia. La actividad se llevó a cabo a partir de noviembre 2012 a septiembre 2013, coordinado por un profesor, con la participación de 09 estudiantes de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad de Río Grande do Norte. Resultados: Este trabajo permitió a los oficiales correccionales mejorar nociones previas sobre el tema, así como adquirir nuevos conocimientos, teniendo encuenta la posibilidad de aplicar los en su vida diaria en el profesional, sino también personal. Conclusión: En este sentido, se incluyeron los objetivos del proyecto en que el progreso era evidente durante las etapas de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje.

HIV antiretroviral drug Efavirenz induces anxiety-like and depression-like behavior in rats: evaluation of neurotransmitter alterations in the striatum.

Efavirenz (EFV) is an effective antiretroviral drug with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and widely used in combination regimens to treat HIV infection. However, there are major concerns about the safety of this drug. Patients treated with EFV often experience neuropsychiatric adverse effects, which frequently lead to switching to alternative EFV-free regimens. The mechanisms involved in the central action of EFV are intrinsically unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of acute and subchronic (2 weeks) EFV administration in a series of behavioral tests for anxiety-like and depression-like behavior in healthy rats. We also evaluated the effect of EFV treatment in striatal concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline) and their metabolites and the amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA. Our results showed that acute treatment with EFV induced an anxiogenic-like effect, while sub-chronic treatment induced both anxiogenic-like and depressive-like behavior which was dose related.. Additionally, EFV treatment caused marked alterations in the striatal concentrations of monoamines and their metabolites (and turnover rates) and the amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA. These changes were influenced by treatment duration and dose. These findings add more evidence about the neuropsychiatric adverse effects of EFV and propose potential new mechanisms for the toxic action of this drug in the central nervous system.

Study of the safety of methylphenidate: Focus on nephrotoxicity aspects.

AIMS: Methylphenidate (MPD) is increasingly prescribed for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and there are concerns about its appropriate use. Furthermore, little is known about the potential nephrotoxicity in patients using MPD. This study aimed to investigate the safety of MPD, with focus on the possible effects of this drug on renal function. MAIN METHODS: We investigated the effects of MPD on renal perfusion system and renal tubular cells through in vivo and in vitro experimental models. KEY FINDINGS: In the in vivo experiments, 24 h and 48 h after MPD administration, urea, creatinine, creatinine clearance, and the fractional excretion of sodium and potassium were not changed. In the isolated kidney perfusion, MPD significantly reduced urinary flow, glomerular filtration rate and the percentage of tubular sodium transport. However, the perfusion pressure, renal vascular resistance and the percentage of tubular potassium transport were unchanged in this system. In the canine renal epithelial cell line MDCK culture, MPD was not cytotoxic and, in histopathological analysis, MPD did not promote alterations. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest a possible nephrotoxic effect of MPD, since it altered renal function by reducing the glomerular activity, urinary flow and sodium transport. These effects need to be further investigated in order to minimize potential harms associated with the use of MPD.

The effects of the Brazilian ant Dinoponera quadriceps venom on chemically induced seizure models.

Arthropod venoms are potential sources of neuroactive substances, providing new tools for the design of drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Dinoponera quadriceps venom (DqV) on seizure models in mice induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), pilocarpine, and strychnine. In the PTZ model, intraperitoneal treatment with DqV (0.5mg/kg) increased the time until the first seizure and the percentage of survival (155.4±27.7s/12.5%, p<0.05) compared to the control group (79.75±3.97s/0%), whereas endovenous treatment (0.1 and 0.5mg/kg) decreased the time until the first seizure (0.1mg/kg: 77.83±5.3s versus 101.0±3.3s in the control group; 0.5mg/kg: 74.43±3.9s versus 101.0±3.3s for the control group, p<0.05). We did not observe significant changes in the pilocarpine- and strychnine-induced seizure models. In assays that measured oxidative parameters in the PTZ model, intraperitoneal treatment with DqV (0.5 and 2.0mg/kg) only decreased the levels of MDA and nitrite in the cortex. However, endovenous treatment with DqV (0.1 and 0.5mg/kg) increased the levels of MDA in the cortex and hippocampus and at a dose of 0.5mg/kg in the striatum. Moreover, increased in nitrite content was observed in all three of the brain regions analyzed. Taken together, the D. quadriceps venom caused both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects in a PTZ-induced seizure model, and this effect was dependent on the route of administration used.